She was elected to the Alberta legislature in , representing the Non-Partisan League. Novelist, journalist, suffragist and temperance worker, McClung was a member of the Alberta legislature.
A suffragist and politician, Parlby was elected president of the women's branch of the United Farmers of Alberta in She became a member of the Alberta legislature in Parlby was still a member of Alberta legislature at the time of the Persons Case. The instigator of the Persons Case, a writer and the first woman magistrate in the British Empire, Murphy pioneered married women's rights. The Famous Five monument Click to view enlarged image.
As the father of unemployment insurance, family allowance, and Canadian citizenship, King's accomplishments continue to affect the day-to-day lives of every Canadian. Leading the country in the s, s and s, King held power for almost 22 years. Built in , this was the first of four statues to commemorate the prime ministers who played major roles in the shaping Canada. Quebec artist Raoul Hunter strove to convey the forcefulness and determination that defined the strength of King's character.
This monument has been temporarily relocated to the roundabout on Sussex Drive, in close proximity to Rideau Hall. The monument was unveiled as part of Canada's th anniversary celebrations in British Columbia sculptor Jack Harman and his staff of ten worked for two years to create this monument.
As Canada's first Prime Minister and one of the Fathers of Confederation, Macdonald's role in shaping this country is unparalleled. During his years as prime minister, the young nation experienced rapid growth and prosperity. And the last spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway's transcontinental line—linking British Columbia with Eastern Canada—was driven into the ground.
The competition to build Macdonald's statue received nearly 50 proposals from across Canada, the United States and Europe. Statue of Sir John A. Macdonald Click to view enlarged image. As a newspaper editor, politician and one of the Fathers of Confederation, George Brown first became active in politics in Having founded a newspaper in Toronto called the Globe which became the Globe and Mail , he and his newspaper lent support first to responsible government and later to the Confederation movement.
He also fought for Confederation while serving as a member of Parliament from the s to Installed in , this statue was created by Quebec artist George William Hill. In creating this statue, Hill emphasized the importance of Brown's support for the cause of responsible government.
Statue of George Brown Click to view enlarged image. Baldwin and Lafontaine are considered the Fathers of Responsible Government in pre-Confederation Canada, and they paved the way for its peaceful democratic independence. The monument was erected in in tribute to these two statesmen. Ontario sculptor Walter Seymour Allward was chosen unanimously by the then newly formed Advisory Arts Council, a body formed to advise the government on matters of art.
During his five years as prime minister, Mackenzie oversaw the establishment of the Supreme Court of Canada and the Office of the Auditor General of Canada.
A few - that of the United Kingdom, for example - remain unwritten. Canada's constitution is partly written and partly unwritten. The writings are in several rather than one document.
The main documents are the Constitution Act, and its amendments, and the Constitution Act, They hold office until age They were appointed for life until A general election is held at least once every five years. Each province and territory is allotted seats in the House of Commons based roughly on population. Each province is entitled to at least as many MPs as senators. New bills must pass each house of Parliament and gain royal assent from the governor general before becoming law.
Executive power is vested in the monarch. It is exercised at the federal level by the governor general , whose power is strictly limited by both constitutional convention and statute law. In practice, this means that the executive is headed by a prime minister and cabinet. They are accountable to Parliament for the affairs of government.
Each province has a legislature composed of a lieutenant-governor and a single legislative house. The house is elected at least once every five years. They all later abolished the upper house. Executive authority is exercised in the same manner as at the federal level.
The lieutenant-governor represents the monarch and the premier leads the government. Also part of the written Constitution are the acts and orders that admit new provinces and territories. The Statute of Westminster, was the all-but-final achievement of legislative independence from Britain. Under the statute, British law would no longer apply to Canada, except in areas where Canada asked Britain to continue to legislate.
Canada also used the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in Britain as its highest court of appeals until This responsibility was then shifted to the Supreme Court of Canada. The Constitution Act, gave Canada complete independence from Britain. The most important were the creation of an amending formula the criteria that would have to be met to make future changes and the addition of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Unanimous agreement of the Senate , the House of Commons and all ten provincial legislatures is required to abolish the Senate or to change the composition of the Supreme Court of Canada. The Queen has the executive power in Canada, but in our democratic society the Queen's powers are exercised by constitutional convention on the advice of Ministers who enjoy the confidence of the House of Commons. Together, the Prime Minister and other Ministers form the cabinet, which is responsible to Parliament for government business.
Ministers are also responsible for government departments, such as the Department of Finance and the Department of Justice. When we say "the government," we are usually referring to the executive branch.
Parliament is the legislative branch of the federal government. Parliament consists of the Queen who is usually represented by the Governor General , the Senate and the House of Commons. Bills are debated and passed by the Senate and the House of Commons. The Governor General must also give royal assent to a bill in order for it to become a law. By constitutional convention, royal assent is always given to bills passed by the Senate and the House of Commons.
Our Constitution also includes provisions relating to the judicial branch of government, composed of judges. The judiciary must interpret and apply the law and the Constitution, and give impartial judgments in all cases, whether they involve public law, such as a criminal case, or private law, such as a dispute over a contract.
The Constitution only provides for federally appointed judges. Provincial judges are appointed under provincial laws.
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